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Today, Bangladesh and the world solemnly observe International Mother Language Day, a day born from blood, sacrifice, and an unbreakable love for one’s mother tongue. The date commemorates the historic Language Movement of 1952, when brave students laid down their lives to protect the Bangla language.
Declared by UNESCO in 1999, February 21 has since been recognized globally as a symbol of linguistic diversity, cultural identity, and the fundamental right to speak one’s mother language.
The Historic Background: The Language Movement of 1952
After the creation of Pakistan in 1947, the government declared Urdu as the only state language, despite the fact that the majority of the population spoke Bangla. This decision sparked widespread dissatisfaction in then East Pakistan.
On February 21, 1952, students of the University of Dhaka defied Section 144 (which banned public gatherings) and took to the streets demanding recognition of Bangla as a state language. Police opened fire on peaceful demonstrators, killing several students including Salam, Barkat, Rafiq, Jabbar, and Shafiur.
Their martyrdom shook the nation and intensified the movement. Ultimately, in 1956, Bangla was recognized as one of the state languages of Pakistan. The Language Movement later became a foundation for the 1971 Liberation War and the birth of independent Bangladesh.
The sacred Shaheed Minar stands today as a powerful monument to those martyrs. Every year, thousands gather there at midnight, barefoot and in silence, to offer floral tributes and sing “Amar Bhaiyer Rokte Rangano Ekushey February.”
From National Tragedy to Global Recognition
Recognizing the historic importance of this movement, UNESCO proclaimed February 21 as International Mother Language Day in 1999. Since 2000, countries around the world have celebrated the day to promote multilingual education and preserve endangered languages.
According to UNESCO, nearly 40% of the world’s population does not have access to education in a language they understand. Thousands of languages are at risk of extinction. The observance serves as a global reminder that every language carries history, identity, and culture.
Nationwide Observance in Bangladesh
Across Bangladesh, the day is observed with deep respect and emotion. The national flag is flown at half-mast. People wear black badges, participate in rallies known as “Prabhat Feri,” and attend cultural programs, discussions, poetry recitations, and exhibitions highlighting the significance of the Language Movement.
Schools, colleges, and universities organize special programs to educate younger generations about the sacrifices made for linguistic rights.
A Timeless Message
International Mother Language Day is more than a commemoration — it is a reminder that language is freedom. It represents the right to express identity, preserve heritage, and celebrate diversity.
As Bangladesh honors its language martyrs today, the spirit of Ekushey continues to inspire the world:
A language is not just words — it is a nation’s soul.
